Disinfection and surface changes of gutta-percha cones after immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution containing surfactant.

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of 1 and 5.25% NaOCl solutions, with or without surfactant, in disinfecting gutta-percha cones. Surface changes of the gutta-percha cones after disinfection were also assessed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-hundred and eight gutta-percha cones previously contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis were left in contact for 30 s or 1 min with the following solutions (n = 12): 1% NaOCl; 1% NaOCl + 2% cetrimide; 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl + 2% cetrimide. Positive control group was composed by the remaining contaminated cones (n = 12), and the negative control group by noncontaminated cones (n = 12). The cones were kept in Eppendorf tubes containing Trypticase Soy Broth at 37°C for 24 hr, and then, the presence of turbidity was analyzed. Ten additional cones (n = 2) were observed under SEM to evaluate surface changes after 1 min of disinfection. The data analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, α = 5%) demonstrated that regardless the presence of surfactant, the NaOCl solutions used were effective in the disinfection when cones were immersed for 1 min. However, at the 30-s period, only the 5.25% NaOCl solution was effective. SEM analysis demonstrated that NaOCl solutions promoted the formation of sodium chloride crystals on cones surface, less visible when the 1% NaOCl associated to surfactant was used. The addition of surfactant did not affect the disinfection capacity of NaOCl solutions. However, the surfactant has apparently inhibited the sodium chloride crystals deposition on the cones surface when associated to 1% NaOCl solution.

Ensayo aleatorizado in vitro sobre la capacidad de obturación de sistemas con vástago en conductos curvos / In vitro randomized-trial on the sealing ability of carrier-based systems in curved root canals

Objetivo: Comparar el porcentaje de área de gutapercha, cemento y huecos en conductos curvos obturados con sistemas con vástago y evaluar la influencia de la activación del cemento durante su colocación. Metodología: 120 conductos curvos de molares mandibulares fueron preparados a un diámetro apical ProFile 30, 0.04. Se obturaron con los sistemas GuttaCore, GuttaFusion o condensación lateral y AHplus (n = 40). Se subdividieron los grupos (n = 20) y se colocó el cemento con activación sónica o no. El cemento se mezcló con Rodamina B para permitir el análisis mediante microscopía confocal. Se calculó el área de gutapercha, cemento y huecos a 3, 6 y 9 mm del ápice. Se realizó el análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA de dos vías. Para la comparación por pares se realizó el test de Sidak. Resultados: Cuando se comparan los sistemas de gutapercha a 3 mm, GF mostró un mejor comportamiento. CL obtuvo los peores resultados. No se encontró influencia entre los sistemas de obturación y la activación del cemento. Cuando se comparó el porcentaje de huecos entre todos los grupos, los perores resultados fueron para CL a 6 y 9 mm. Conclusiones: Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, el área de gutepercha, cemento y huecos depende del sistema de obturación utilizado. El uso de activación del cemento no influye en la calidad de la obturación

Aim: To compare the percentage of gutta-percha, sealer and voids in curved root canals filled with different gutta-percha carrier-based systems and to assess the influence of activation of the cement during its placement. Methodology: 120 curved canals of mandibular molars were prepared to an apical size ProFile 30, 0.04. They were filled with either GuttaCore, GuttaFusion or lateral condensation and AHplus (n=40). Groups were subdivided (n=20) and sonic activation or not during the placement of the cement was carried out. Cements were labelled with Rhodamine-B dye to allow analysis under confocal microscopy. Percentage of gutta-percha, sealer and voids area were calculated at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA test. To compare between the obturation systems Sidak correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Results: When comparing the gutta-percha systems at the 3 mm level, GF revealed a better performance. At 6 and 9mm, LC obtained the worst results. An influence between the obturation systems and the activation of the cement was not found. When comparing the percentage of voids among all the groups, worst results were found for LC at 6 and 9 mm. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, gutta-percha, sealer area and voids were dependent on the obturation system. The use of activation of the cement do not influence the quality of root filling

Estudio in vitro aleatorizado de la capacidad de obturación de guttacore y thermafil plusmediante cortes transversales / In vitro randomized study of the sealing ability of Guttacore and Thermafil plususing cross sections

El éxito del tratamiento de conductos radica en una adecuada limpieza, conformación y obturación de los mismos. Objetivo: Comparar el PGFA (porcentaje del área rellena por gutapercha) de la obturación de conductos entre el sistema Guttacore(TM) y el sistema Thermafil Plus(R) mediante cortes histológicos. Metodología: Se realizó estudio in vitro aleatorizado sobre 23 conductos cuya curvaturase comprendía entre 21-40º. Los conductos se instrumentaron hasta un calibre apical de 30.04. Tras realizar irrigación final ultrasónica pasiva, se obturaron los conductos con los es realizaron cortes histológicos a 2, 5 y 8 mm del extremo apical. Se fotografió la superficie de los cortes a 2,5x aumentos. Calculamos el PGFA de las muestras. Resultados: Todos los conductos obtuvieron medias superiores al 95% en PGFA (Guttacore: 98,16% a 2 mm, 96,77% a 5 mm y 98,46% a 8 mm; Thermafil: 98,73% a 2 mm, 98,89% a 5 mm y 100% a 8 mm). Existieron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el corte a 8 mm (p=0,011). Conclusiones:1) Thermafil Plus(TM) obtiene significativamente mayor PGFA en corte a 8mm. 2) No existen diferencias significativas a 2 y 5 mm. 3) Se necesitan nuevos estudios comparativos de Guttacore(TM) con otros sistemas de obturación

The success of the root canal treatment takes of in a suitable cleaning, shaping and obturation of the root canal system. Aim: To compare the PGFA (percentage of gutta-percha-filled area) obtained by Guttacore and Thermafil Plus obturation systems using histologic sections. Metodology: a randomized in vitro trial was done on 23 canals in which the angle of curvature was between 21-40º. The instrumentation was done untill a 30.04 file reach the working lenght. After the final irrigation activated with ultrasound, canals were obturated with Thermafil Plus and Guttacore obturation systems. horizontal sections were cut 2, 5 and 8 mm from the apical foramen of each tooth. The crosssectional area of the samples were taken under phtographs to 2.5x increases. The PGFA was calculated. Results: All the canals obtained more than 95% in average of PGFA (Guttacore: 98,16%at 2 mm, 96,77% at 5 mm and 98,46% at 8mm; Thermafil: 98,73% at 2 mm, 98,89% at5 mm and 100% at 8 mm). Significant differences were found between the grups in the cross-sectional area at 8 mm (p=0,011). Conclusions: 1) Thermafil plus gets significantly higher values of PGFA in the cross-sectional area at 8 mm. 2) No significant difference was found between 2 and 5 mm 3) Other studies about comparation of Gutta-core are needed

Application of microcomputed tomography for quantitative analysis of dental root canal obturations.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to apply microcomputed tomography to quantitative evaluation of voids and to test any specific location of voids in tooth's root canal obturations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty root canals were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal sealer using the thermoplastic compaction method (System B+Obtura II). Roots were scanned and three-dimensional visualization was obtained. The volume and Feret's diameter of I-voids (at the filling/dentine interface) and S-voids (surrounded by filling material) were measured. RESULTS: The results revealed that none of the scanned root canal fillings were void-free. For I-voids, the volume fraction was significantly larger, but their number was lower (P=0.0007), than for S-voids. Both types of voids occurred in characteristic regions (P<0.001). I-voids occurred mainly in the apical third, while S-voids in the coronal third of the canal filling. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, our results indicate that microtomography, with proposed semi-automatic algorithm, is a useful tools for three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of dental root canal fillings. In canals filled with thermoplastic gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal, voids at the interface between the filling and canal dentine deserve special attention due to of their periapical location, which might promote apical microleakage. Further studies might help to elucidate the clinical relevance of these results.

Evaluación comparativa in vitro de la capacidad de sellado del sistema de conductos radiculares por diferentes técnicas / Comparative in vitro evaluation of the sealing ability of the root canal system by different techniques

Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la capacidad de sellado del conducto radicular utilizando las técnicas de condensación lateral activa, Híbrida de Tagger modificada, Thermafil y System B. Material y métodos. Fueron empleados 116 dientes humanos extraídos uniradiculares, incluidos en bloques de resina, seccionados longitudinalmente, unidos a un dispositivo con tornillos y divididos en cuatro grupos (n= 29). Después de la instrumentación con ayuda de fresas, fue confeccionada una depresión en cada tercio del conducto radicular en cada una de las mitades de la raíz. En seguida, los dientes fueron obturados con las citadas técnicas. Para la evaluación de la calidad de la obturación, fueron realizadas fotos con aumento de 1.5X y radiografías, sometidas a diferentes escores. Después se realizó el análisis estadístico tanto macroscópica como radiográficamente, por medio del test Chi-cuadrado (χ2). Resultados. La técnica Thermafil presentó mejores resultados en cuanto a la capacidad de llenado, número de fallas y homogeneidad (p < 0,05), seguida de la técnica Híbrida de Tagger modificada, System B y condensación lateral activa. Conclusiones. Thermafil fue la técnica que demostró ser macroscópica, radiográfica y homogéneamente superior a las otras técnicas evaluadas, en lo que se refiere al sellado de las depresiones y fallas confeccionadas (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sealing ability of the root canal using different techniques: cold lateral compaction, modified Hybrid Tagger, Thermafil and System B. Material and methods. Were used 116 human single-roots, included in resin blocks, sectioned longitudinally, attached to a device with screws and divided into four groups (n=29). After instrumentation using a bur, depression was made in each third of the root canal in each of the halves. Teeth were filled upon the different techniques. For evaluation of the quality, pictures were taken with a 1.5X magnification, photos and radiographs were utilized. After statistical analysis, were performed both macroscopic and radiographic evaluation, by Chi-square test (χ2). Results. The Thermafil technique showed better results in terms of sealing capacity, failures and homogeneity followed by modified Hybrid Tagger, the System B and cold lateral compaction. Conclusions. Thermafil was the technique that shown to be macroscopic, radiographic and homogeneously best over the other techniques evaluated in regard to the filling of the depressions made (AU)

Evaluación de la efectividad del MTA como tapón cervical en el blaqueamiento de dientes tratados endodónticamente / Evaluation of the effectiveness of MTA as a barrier for bleaching of endodontically treated teeth

Objetivo. Fue evaluar la capacidad selladora en la infiltración de colorante en barreras cervicales, utilizadas en el blanqueamiento de dientes tratados endodónticamente, utilizando materiales anteriormente estudiados y el MTA. Material y método. Fueron utilizados 40 dientes extraídos, divididos en 4 grupos, fue realizada la técnica de walking bleach, utilizando como agente blanqueador peróxido de digrogeno asociado al perborato de sodio y un agente trazador (azul de metileno). Después de realizar el tapón cervical con los diferentes materiales manipulados (fosfato de zinc, ionómero de vidrio y la gutapercha asociada al cemento obturador y un paquímetro e inspección visual por 3 examinadores previamente calibrados. Resultados. El MTA presentó menos infiltración que el resto de los materiales utilizados como tapón sin obtener diferencia estadísticamente significante (P=0,154). Conclusiones. El MTA demostró menor infiltración del colorante sobre los demás materiales. Por lo tanto en el análisis de marcadores, el resultado estadístico no fue significante; y en la evaluación, donde fue medida la infiltración lineal de colorante, se obtuvo un resultado significativo del grupo del MTA sobre el grupo control, que fue el de gutapercha asociado al cemento obturador (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the sealing ability of cervical barriers used in whitening teeth treated endodonically, using materials previously studied and the MTA peroxide and sodium perborate associated with a tracer agent (methylene blue). After perfoming the cervical buffer with different materials (zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, gutta-percha associated with cement and MTA) the bleaching agent was used. Next the teeth were sectioned longitudinally to assess the infiltration linear and measure with a pachymetry. Visual inspection was performed by three previously calibrated examiners. Results. The MTA had less infiltration than other materials used as a buffer, without obtaining statistically significant difference (P=0.154). Conclusions. The MTA showed less infiltration of dye than other materials. Therefore in the marker analysis, the result was not statistically significant, and in the evaluation, which was measure by linear infiltration of the dye, we obtained a significant result of the MTA group over the control group, which was gutta- percha associated with a cement (AU)

Percentage of gutta-percha in mesial canals of mandibular molars obturated by lateral compaction or single cone techniques.

The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of gutta-percha (PGP) in mesial root canals of mandibular molars obturated with LC (Lateral Compaction) or SC (Single Cone) ProTaper Universal System techniques at different levels of the root. Mesial root canals of 20 human permanent molars with similar anatomical characteristics were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal rotary system technique until the F2 instrument, with 20 canals filled by SC ProTaper Universal technique and 20 canals by the LC technique. The mesial roots were sectioned transversely to 3, 5, and 7 mm from the root apex. Digital images of specimens were obtained at MIC-D digital microscope in increases of 30 to 35X. The gutta-percha area was measured using ImageTool software. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). The SC technique provided greater PGP than the LC technique in the apical third (3 mm) (P < 0.001). In the other thirds (5 and 7 mm) there was no statistical difference between the two techniques regarding the PGP (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between thirds of the root canal for both techniques (P > 0.05). It was concluded that SC technique provided greater PGP than the LC technique in the apical third of mesial root canals of mandibular molars. There was no difference between the two techniques regarding the PGP in the cervical and middle thirds.

Long-term sealing ability of GuttaFlow versus Ah Plus using different obturation techniques

Objective. To compare the long-term sealing ability of GuttaFlow® using different obturation techniques.Study Design. Three hundred teeth, prepared with a crown-down technique, were divided into thirty experimental groups (n=10) to evaluate the apical and coronal leakage, at 3, 30 and 120 days, of lateral compaction gutta-percha+ AH Plus™, lateral compaction gutta-percha + GuttaFlow®, single cone + AH Plus™, single cone + Gutta-Flow®, and GuttaFlow® only.Results. Both coronal and apical leakage, at the three times of measurement, no significant differences were found among GuttaFlow® + lateral compaction gutta-percha and GuttaFlow® + single cone groups, whereas the onlyGuttaFlow® reached the highest leakage values at 30 and 120 days. AH Plus™, using both techniques, showed high levels of leakage after 120 days to the coronal leakage and after 30 days to the apical leakage when compared silicon based sealer.Conclusion. GuttaFlow®, using with lateral compaction and single cone techniques, shows a greater apical and coronal sealing ability than AH Plus™ over time. GuttaFlow® when used as only creates a poorer sealing than when used with lateral compaction gutta-percha or single cone techniques (AU)

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Evaluación del ajuste y adaptación de los conos de gutapercha ProTaper al conducto radicular instrumentado con el sistema ProTaper Universal / Evaluation of the fitting and adaptation of ProTaper gutta-percha cones to the root canal instrumented with Universal ProTaper

Objetivo: Evaluar el ajuste y adaptación de los conos de gutapercha ProTaper, F1, F2 y F3, al conducto radicular instrumentado con el correspondiente instrumento ProTaper Universal. Material y Métodos: Se realizaron dos experiencias: 1) Evaluación del ajuste táctil y radiográfico. Se utilizó un premolar inferior humano extraído, instrumentado con ProTaper Universal F1. A Continuación, se introdujeron 20 conos de gutapercha F1, se tomaron radiografías en sentido buco-lingual y próximo-proximal y se evaluó el ajuste táctil y radiográfico de cada cono. Igual procedimiento se empleó para F2 y F3. 2) Evaluación macroscópica de la adaptación a las paredes del conducto radicular. Se emplearon 30 premolares inferiores humanos extraídos, divididos en 3 grupos de 10 dientes, instrumentados con ProTaper Universal F1, F2 y F3 respectivamente y luego obturados con conos ProTaper F1, F2 y F3. Los especímenes fueron desgastados longitudinalmente, fotografiados y las imágenes insertadas en un programa Corel Draw 8, para evaluar la mitad coronaria y apical de la obturación. La mitad apical fue dividida en tres tercios (zonas A,B, y C). Resultados: Experiencia 1: Se encontraron valores aceptables del 85%, 90% y 70% para los conos F1, F2 y F3 respectivamente. La diferencia estadística no fue significativa (p>0,05). Experiencia 2: Los resultados mostraron en la mitad coronaria valores inaceptables para todos los especímenes. En la zona apical A se observó la siguiente aceptabilidad: F1 80%, F2 30%, y F3 0%. Se registraron diferencias significativas entre F1 y F3 (p<0,05), y no las hubo entre F1 y F2 ni entre F2 y F3 (p>0,05). En la zona B la aceptabilidad fue: F1 60%, F2 80%, y F2 30%. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los conos (p>0,05). En la zona C la aceptabilidad fue: F1 70%, F2 100% y F3 100%. Se registraron diferencias significativas entre F1 con F2 y F3 (p<0,05), y no las hubo entre F2 y F3 (p>0,05). Conclusión: La técnica a cono único no es eficiente para garantizar el sellado tridimensional de la obturación endodóntica (AU)

Objective: Evaluation of the fitting and adaptation of Pro Taper gutta-percha cones F1, F2 and F3 after the root canal instrumentation with the corresponding Universal ProTaper instrument. Material and Methods: We carried out two experiences: 1) Evaluation of the tug-back and radiographic fitting. One human extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar was instrumented with Universal ProTaper F1. After instrumentation, 20 F1 gutta-percha cones were inserted into the root canal and bucco-lingual and mesio-distal radiographs were taken in order to evaluate tug-back and radiographic fitting. Th same procedure was used for F2 and F3. 2) Macroscopic evaluation of the adaptation to the root canal wall. Thirty human extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were divided in three groups of 10 each, instrumented with Universal ProTaper F1, F2 and F3, and obturated with the corresponding F1, F2 and F3 gutta-percha cones. The surfaces of the specimens were grinded longitudinally and then photographed and the images inserted into a Corel Draw 8 program in order to evaluate the coronal half and the apical half of the obturation. To improve evaluation, the apical half was divided into three thirds (zones A, B and C). Results: Experience 1: Acceptable results were observed in 85%, 90% and 70% for cones F1, F2 and F3 respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between them (p>0,05). Experience 2: The coronal half showed inacceptable results in all the specimens. Zone A of the apical half showed the following acceptability: F1 80%, F2 30%, and F3 0%. Significant differences were detected between F1 and F3 (p<0,05), and no significant differences were observed between F1 and F2, and F2 and F3 (p>0,05). In zone B, The acceptability was: F1 60%, F2 80%, and F3 30%. No significant differences were detected (p>0,05). In zone C the acceptability was: F1 70%, F2 100% and F3 100%. Significant differences were observed between F1 and F2, F3 (p<0,05), but no between F2 and F3 (p>0,05). Conclusion: The use of a single-cone technique is not efficient enough to guarantee the three-dimensional endodontic sealing (AU)

Effect of filling technique and root canal area on the percentage of gutta-percha in laterally compacted root fillings.

AIM: To determine the influence of filling technique and root canal area on the percentage of gutta-percha (PGP) in laterally compacted root fillings. METHODOLOGY: Sixty extracted canine teeth were accessed and the root canals instrumented to the same size. They were then divided in three groups and filled with laterally compacted gutta-percha cones and AH Plus using different techniques. A variation of cold lateral compaction using a sequence of spreaders prior to accessory cone placement was compared to two commonly-used techniques. Twenty additional canines with prepared root canals were used as negative controls in which gutta-percha was introduced into the canals but no compaction applied. The roots were sectioned horizontally at 3 and 6 mm from the apex and micro-photographs taken. Using software, the area of the canals and gutta-percha at each level were measured and PGP calculated. A Multivariate analysis was used to determine the variables influencing PGP. A linear regression test was used to verify the variation in PGP explained by canal area. RESULTS: At each level the largest canal was two to three times wider than the smallest. Canal area significantly influenced the PGP at both levels (P < 0.05), however, the variation in PGP was only partially explained by canal area (r(2) = 0.154, 6 mm; r(2) = 0.119, 3 mm). The PGP at the 3 mm level was lower than at 6 mm (P = 0.003). The spreader-sequence technique achieved a higher PGP than the other two techniques (P = 0.00002). The control group had the lowest area of GP. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in root canal filling technique and canal area influenced the percentage of gutta-percha of laterally compacted root fillings. The percentage of gutta-percha was lower at the 3 mm level compared to the 6 mm level.

Comparison of rotary instrumentation and continuous wave obturation to reciprocating instrumentation and single cone obturation with a hydrophilic sealer.

This in vitro study compared the effectiveness between ProFile 29 Series rotary system followed by continuous wave obturation and the Endo-Eze system. Thirty-six human mandibular canine and premolar teeth were randomly separated into 2 groups of 18. Each tooth was embedded in resin and sectioned at 2, 6, and 12 mm from the apex and viewed under the scanning electron microscope at 50-150x magnification. The percentages of canal space occupied by gutta-percha, sealer, debris, and voids were measured and analyzed with Image J software. Results were calculated by using an analysis of variance model with fixed effects for method, distance, and distance interaction. Repeatability of measurements and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. These results demonstrated that obturation with the continuous wave technique achieved significantly more gutta-percha occupying the canal space than the Endo-Eze system. Under the conditions of this study, the continuous wave technique was less likely to exhibit voids than the Endo-Eze technique. Furthermore, neither the Profile Series 29 nor the Endo-Eze system cleaned and shaped elliptical canals consistently.

Materiales de obturación temporal. Revisión bibliográfica / Temporary restoration material. Literature review

En endodoncia, la necesidad de restauracionesprovisionales es evidente. Con frecuencia el endodoncista no desea o no puede concluir el tratamiento en una sola sesión y durante este periodo el diente debe quedar restaurado de manera adecuada con el fin de eliminar vías de filtración. Se ha dedicado una gran cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo de investigación a la evaluación de la eficacia de diversos materiales de obturación coronal intermedios. El objetivo del presente artículo ha sido realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los diferentes materiales que existen actualmente, y la influencia de la filtración coronal en el pronóstico del tratamiento endodóntico

In endodontic treatment, the need of temporary restoration is obvious. Most of the times, endodontists do not wish or cannot finish the whole treatment in one session and thus the tooth must be left properly restored in order to avoid coronal leakage. Much time and research effort have been devoted to test the efficiency of several temporary coronal restorative materials. The aim of this article was to make a bibliographic review about the various materials that exist nowadays and the influence of coronal leakage in the prognosis of endodontic treatment

Evaluation of penetration and adaptation of three different sealers: a SEM study.

In this study, dentinal penetration and adaptation of three endodontic sealers were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seventeen recently extracted, human maxillary anterior teeth were used. After the crowns were removed from the cementoenamel junction, the root canals were instrumented. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups of five roots each and two teeth were used as controls. The smear layer was removed with EDTA and NaOCl. The canals were obturated with AH 26, CRCS, RSA sealers and gutta-percha using lateral condensation technique. Each root was sectioned longitudinally and then prepared for SEM evaluation. The SEM results showed that AH 26 was the best sealer penetrating into dentinal tubules and adapted to dentinal walls when compared with the CRCS and RSA. The CRCS and RSA occluded the orificies of dentinal tubules. The RSA showed that the penetration was less than AH 26 and more than CRCS.

Análisis de la calidad de la obturación del conducto radicular obtenida mediante el sistema de gutapercha termoplastizada Thermafil Plus. Un estudio in vitro / Analysis of the quality of root canal obturation obtained by means of the Thermafil Plus thermoplastizised gutta-percha system. An in vitro study

Cuarenta dientes humanos unirradiculares previamente instrumentados con limas ProFile .04, .06 y Orifice Shapers fueron divididos en dos grupos de 20 cada uno y obturados con Thermafil Plus o mediante la condensación lateral de conos de gutapercha (grupo control), con AH-26 como sellador. Luego de los controles radiográficos correspondientes se obtuvieron secciones horizontales de 1 mm de espesor a nivel de los tercios coronario, medio y apical de todos los dientes mediante un micrótomo para tejidos duros. En todos los cortes se analizó cualitativamente de los porcentajes de área cubierta por el material de obturación. Ambas evaluaciones fueron realizadas bajo luz reflejada mediante un fotomicroscopio conectado a un sistema de computación, con un programa de software adecuado para este tipo de medición. Las obturaciones realizadas con Thermafil Plus revelaron una mejor adaptación a las paredes dentinarias y un porcentaje de área cubierta significativamente superior (p>0,05) a las obturaciones realizadas mediante la condensación lateral de conos de gutapercha (AU)

Análisis de la calidad de la obturación del conducto radicular obtenida mediante el sistema de gutapercha termoplastizada Thermafil Plus. Un estudio in vitro / Analysis of the quality of root canal obturation obtained by means of the Thermafil Plus thermoplastizised gutta-percha system. An in vitro study

Cuarenta dientes humanos unirradiculares previamente instrumentados con limas ProFile .04, .06 y Orifice Shapers fueron divididos en dos grupos de 20 cada uno y obturados con Thermafil Plus o mediante la condensación lateral de conos de gutapercha (grupo control), con AH-26 como sellador. Luego de los controles radiográficos correspondientes se obtuvieron secciones horizontales de 1 mm de espesor a nivel de los tercios coronario, medio y apical de todos los dientes mediante un micrótomo para tejidos duros. En todos los cortes se analizó cualitativamente de los porcentajes de área cubierta por el material de obturación. Ambas evaluaciones fueron realizadas bajo luz reflejada mediante un fotomicroscopio conectado a un sistema de computación, con un programa de software adecuado para este tipo de medición. Las obturaciones realizadas con Thermafil Plus revelaron una mejor adaptación a las paredes dentinarias y un porcentaje de área cubierta significativamente superior (p>0,05) a las obturaciones realizadas mediante la condensación lateral de conos de gutapercha

Evaluación de las variaciones de pH producidas por conos de gutapercha que contienen hidróxido de calcio / Evaluation of the variable of pH produces for gutta-percha cones containing calcium hydroxide

Se utilizaron 20 tubos de ensayo conteniendo 1,8 ml de suero fisiológico (pH 6,5) divididos en dos grupos de 10 tubos cada uno. En el Grupo 1 se introdujo en cada tubo un cono de gutapercha nro. 80 que contenia Ca(OH)2 en su formulacion. En el Grupo 2 (control), se procedió de la misma forma, pero en este caso se utilizaron conos de gutapercha nro. 80 de tipo convencional. Los tubos fueron conservados a temperatura constante de 37ºC y las modificaciones del pH del medio fueron registradas luego de un periodo de 1 hora, 24 horas, 7 dias y 14 dias de observacion. En el Grupo 1, los valores originales de pH aumentaron significativamente luego de 1 hora y 24 horas (p<0,05)y luego revel

Evaluación de las variaciones de pH producidas por conos de gutapercha que contienen hidróxido de calcio / Evaluation of the variable of pH produces for gutta-percha cones containing calcium hydroxide

Se utilizaron 20 tubos de ensayo conteniendo 1,8 ml de suero fisiológico (pH 6,5) divididos en dos grupos de 10 tubos cada uno. En el Grupo 1 se introdujo en cada tubo un cono de gutapercha nro. 80 que contenia Ca(OH)2 en su formulacion. En el Grupo 2 (control), se procedió de la misma forma, pero en este caso se utilizaron conos de gutapercha nro. 80 de tipo convencional. Los tubos fueron conservados a temperatura constante de 37§C y las modificaciones del pH del medio fueron registradas luego de un periodo de 1 hora, 24 horas, 7 dias y 14 dias de observacion. En el Grupo 1, los valores originales de pH aumentaron significativamente luego de 1 hora y 24 horas (p<0,05)y luego revelaron un incremento leve, gradual y no significativo a los 7 y 14 días de observación con un pico máximo de 10,6 para este último periodo. En el Grupo 2, los valores originales de pH registraron un aumento leve, cuyo pico máximo registrado a las 24 horas, fue de 7,6 y se redujo hasta 7,3 a los 14 días. En este caso, las diferencias obtenidas durante los diferentes periodos de observación no fueron estadisticamente significativas (p>0,05).

Diâmetros e conicidades dos cones de guta-percha acessórios tipo M, FM e F / Diameters and tapers gutta-percha of cones sizes M, FM and F

Foram avaliados 60 (sessenta) cones de guta-percha tipo M, FM e F de quatro marcas comerciais, sendo 20 (vinte) de cada tipo, através da realizaçäo de 05 (cinco) mensuraçöes em cada, perfazendo-se um total de 240 (duzentos e quarenta) cones e 1.200 (mil e duzentos) avaliaçöes diametrais. Empregou-se para estas mensuraçöes em aparelho projetor de perfil com precisäo de milésimo de milímetro. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que havia variaçäo nos diâmetros apicais e cervicais entre cones do mesmo tipo e tipos diferentes de uma mesma marca e de marcas diferentes, Com relaçäo à especificaçäo ANSI/ADA nº 57, que determina os diâmetros dos cones M, FM e F em D3 e D16, observamos que estatisticamente a marca Diadent encontrava-se com 97,5 por cento das medidas dentro do padräo permitido, a Tanari com 78,5 por cento, a Dentsply alcançou 65 por cento e a Analytic teve apenas 28,3 por cento de medidas em concordância com as normas estabelecidas

Propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas dos cones de guta-percha / Chemical and biological physical properties of the gutta-percha points

Os cones de guta-percha constituem o material selador mais amplamente empregado na obturação do sistema de canais radiculares, por uma série de propriedades que apresenta, entre as quais, biocompatibilidade, radiopacidade, flexibilidade e estabilidade dimensional. Classificado como produto sólido não reabsorvível e com características plásticas que favorecem sua condensação nos canais radiculares durante sua obturação. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades da guta-percha e suas características comerciais